Wikipedia turns 10: Are we banning or boosting?
Thursday, January 20, 2011 at 05:33AM 
Hard to believe that Wikipedia is has just turned 10 years old. That's at least 100 or 120 in "Internet years." Like many librarians trained to evaluate information sources on a far different set of criteria than "majority rule," I was taken aback when I first encountered Wikipedia. But on reflection, I soon became a cautious fan. Here's a column from 2006. Seems to still hold up pretty good.
Wikipedia Use: Ban It or Boost It?
Media Matters, Leading & Learning, October 2006
“Wikipedia Celebrates 750 Years Of American Independence” headline from The Onion, July 26, 2006
A collective gasp and shudder went palpably through the entire room of library media specialists when I first heard a conference presenter describe how Wikipedia <http://wikipedia.org/> entries are written – by anyone, at anytime, on nearly any topic. No editors or editorial process. Instantaneous changes. Faith that the “lay” viewer of the entry will correct any inaccurate information found. Wikipedia flaunts every rule our library schools taught us about the “authority” of a reference source.
Wikipedia, that growing, user-created online encyclopedia, is the poster child for Web 2.0 and is fostering a sea change in ideas about the credibility and value of information, products and services. The philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer wrote: “All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident.” Since it has emerged on the scene in 2001, Wikipedia seems to have already gone through Schopenhauer’s “stages of truth” in the general public’s mind. More than a million people a day visit the site.
The thought of a reference source that anyone can edit seems on its face at first ridiculous to those of us who have been taught to identify the reliability of a resource using traditional criteria. And indeed there have been highly publicized cases of deliberately false, even malicious, content placed in Wikipedia entries. But when Nature magazine reported a study late in 2005 that showed Encyclopedia Britannica and Wikipedia were comparatively accurate in their respective science entries, the theory of “self-correcting” information seemed to be validated. Historian Roy Rosensweig defends the accuracy of Wikipedia entries as well: “Wikipedia is surprisingly accurate in reporting names, dates, and events in U.S. history. In the 25 biographies I read closely, I found clear-cut factual errors in only 4. Most were small and inconsequential.”
And on May 8, 2006, respected New York Times columnist Paul Krugman quoted from Wikipedia to define “conspiracy theory.”
Ridicule, opposition, self-evidence. Where are you? How many of you already turn to the Wikipedia for a quick understanding of a topic? How many of your students do? And how do you counsel them when asked about accuracy? Should Wikipedia be an accepted source for a research assignment?
While it is difficult to give a blanket endorsement to Wikipedia, it can be a valuable resource for students and staff alike. Why turn to Wikipedia instead of the Encyclopedia Britannica?
1. It has a wider scope. As of August 2006, Wikipedia contained over a million articles in its English-language version; Encyclopedia Britannica had 65,000 articles in its 2005 print edition and 120,000 in its the online edition. In her delightful New Yorker article, Stacy Schiff writes:
Apparently, no traditional encyclopedia has ever suspected that someone might wonder about Sudoku or about prostitution in China. Or, for that matter, about Capgras delusion (the unnerving sensation that an impostor is sitting in for a close relative), the Boston molasses disaster, the Rhinoceros Party of Canada, Bill Gates’s house, the forty-five-minute Anglo-Zanzibar War, or Islam in Iceland. Wikipedia includes fine entries on Kafka and the War of the Spanish Succession, and also a complete guide to the ships of the U.S. Navy, a definition of Philadelphia cheesesteak, a masterly page on Scrabble, a list of historical cats (celebrity cats, a cat millionaire, the first feline to circumnavigate Australia), a survey of invented expletives in fiction (“bippie,” “cakesniffer,” “furgle”), instructions for curing hiccups, and an article that describes, with schematic diagrams, how to build a stove from a discarded soda can.”
2. It has up-to-date information on timely topics. Wikipedia may be one’s only reference source on recent technologies and events. For current popular social concepts such as “the long tail,” technology terms such “GNU,” or up-to-date information on political groups such as ‘Hezbollah,” print or traditionally edited sources can’t keep up. (As I write this at about 10AM CDT, dozens of updates have been made to the Hezbollah entry already today.)
3. Web 2.0 sources may state values closer to that of the reader. The voice of the common man, vox populi, is being heard, and heeded as a source of authentic, reliable information. My own view of the reliability of information has changed. In selecting hotels, I now use TripAdvisor.com, with its multiple, recent and personal reviews of lodging rather than Fodors or Frommers. Why? It’s more accurate, timely and allows me to read a variety of opinions. And this has become my habit with almost any consumer-type purchase. What do “real” people have to say?
4. Controversial/undocumented information is noted as such. David Weinberger writes, “There's one more sign of credibility of a Wikipedia page: If it contains a warning about the reliability of the page, we'll trust it more. This is only superficially contradictory.” Wikipedia entries are flagged with readily visible warnings such as “The neutrality and factual accuracy of this article are disputed. See the relevant discussion on the talk page.” The user who reads the “talk page” will glean an understanding of the controversies about the topic.
5. Hey, it’s only an encyclopedia for heaven sakes! Basic references sources – whether Wikipedia or WorldBook – should be used to get a general overview of a topic or put a topic in context, not be used as a sole and final authoritative source.
But we also need to teach our students strategies for evaluating Wikipedia entries – indeed any information source online or in print.
Even very young students can and should be learning to consider the accuracy and potential bias of information sources. Since junior high students often make websites that often look better than those of college professors, we need to teach students to look:
- For the same information from multiple sources.
- At the age of the page.
- At the credentials and affiliation of the author.
- For both stated and unstated biases by the page author or sponsor.
Kathy Schrock has a useful comprehensive approach to website evaluation, listing 13 questions students might ask to determine the reliability of resource.
As students use research to solve problems about controversial social and ethical issues, the ability to evaluate and defend one’s choice of information source becomes as important as finding an answer to the research itself. As the Internet (and especially Web 2.0) allows a cacophony of voices to rise, expressing a increasing range of views, a conclusion without defensible sources in its support will not be of value.
Look that up in your Funk and Wagnalls…er, Wikipedia.
Media Matters, Leading & Learning, October 2006
A collective gasp and shudder went palpably through the entire room of library media specialists when I first heard a conference presenter describe how Wikipedia <http://wikipedia.org/> entries are written – by anyone, at anytime, on nearly any topic. No editors or editorial process. Instantaneous changes. Faith that the “lay” viewer of the entry will correct any inaccurate information found. Wikipedia flaunts every rule our library schools taught us about the “authority” of a reference source.
Wikipedia, that growing, user-created online encyclopedia, is the poster child for Web 2.0 and is fostering a sea change in ideas about the credibility and value of information, products and services. The philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer wrote: “All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident.” Since it has emerged on the scene in 2001, Wikipedia seems to have already gone through Schopenhauer’s “stages of truth” in the general public’s mind. More than a million people a day visit the site.
The thought of a reference source that anyone can edit seems on its face at first ridiculous to those of us who have been taught to identify the reliability of a resource using traditional criteria. And indeed there have been highly publicized cases of deliberately false, even malicious, content placed in Wikipedia entries. But when Nature magazine reported a study late in 2005 that showed Encyclopedia Britannica and Wikipedia were comparatively accurate in their respective science entries, the theory of “self-correcting” information seemed to be validated. Historian Roy Rosensweig defends the accuracy of Wikipedia entries as well: “Wikipedia is surprisingly accurate in reporting names, dates, and events in U.S. history. In the 25 biographies I read closely, I found clear-cut factual errors in only 4. Most were small and inconsequential.”
And on May 8, 2006, respected New York Times columnist Paul Krugman quoted from Wikipedia to define “conspiracy theory.”
Ridicule, opposition, self-evidence. Where are you? How many of you already turn to the Wikipedia for a quick understanding of a topic? How many of your students do? And how do you counsel them when asked about accuracy? Should Wikipedia be an accepted source for a research assignment?
While it is difficult to give a blanket endorsement to Wikipedia, it can be a valuable resource for students and staff alike. Why turn to Wikipedia instead of the Encyclopedia Britannica?
1. It has a wider scope. As of August 2006, Wikipedia contained over a million articles in its English-language version; Encyclopedia Britannica had 65,000 articles in its 2005 print edition and 120,000 in its the online edition. In her delightful New Yorker article, Stacy Schiff writes:
3. Web 2.0 sources may state values closer to that of the reader. The voice of the common man, vox populi, is being heard, and heeded as a source of authentic, reliable information. My own view of the reliability of information has changed. In selecting hotels, I now use TripAdvisor.com, with its multiple, recent and personal reviews of lodging rather than Fodors or Frommers. Why? It’s more accurate, timely and allows me to read a variety of opinions. And this has become my habit with almost any consumer-type purchase. What do “real” people have to say?
4. Controversial/undocumented information is noted as such. David Weinberger writes, “There's one more sign of credibility of a Wikipedia page: If it contains a warning about the reliability of the page, we'll trust it more. This is only superficially contradictory.” Wikipedia entries are flagged with readily visible warnings such as “The neutrality and factual accuracy of this article are disputed. See the relevant discussion on the talk page.” The user who reads the “talk page” will glean an understanding of the controversies about the topic.
5. Hey, it’s only an encyclopedia for heaven sakes! Basic references sources – whether Wikipedia or WorldBook – should be used to get a general overview of a topic or put a topic in context, not be used as a sole and final authoritative source.
But we also need to teach our students strategies for evaluating Wikipedia entries – indeed any information source online or in print.
Even very young students can and should be learning to consider the accuracy and potential bias of information sources. Since junior high students often make websites that often look better than those of college professors, we need to teach students to look:
As students use research to solve problems about controversial social and ethical issues, the ability to evaluate and defend one’s choice of information source becomes as important as finding an answer to the research itself. As the Internet (and especially Web 2.0) allows a cacophony of voices to rise, expressing a increasing range of views, a conclusion without defensible sources in its support will not be of value.
Look that up in your Funk and Wagnalls…er, Wikipedia.
- Rosenzweig, Roy "Can History be Open Source?" Journal of American History Volume 93, Number 1 (June, 2006) <http://chnm.gmu.edu/essays-on-history-new-media/essays/?essayid=42>
- Schiff, Stacy “Know it all: Can Wikipedia conquer expertise?” New Yorker, July 31, 2006. <http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/07/31/060731fa_fact>
- Schrock, Kathy “The ABC’s of Website Evaluation,” <http://schrockguide.org/abceval>
- Rosenzweig, Roy “Can History be Open Source? Wikipedia and the Future of the Past” (Originally published in
- Weinberger, David “Why believe Wikipedia?” JOHO: Journal of Hyperlinked Organization, July 23, 2006 <http://www.hyperorg.com/backissues/joho-jul23-06.html#wikipedia>
Image source: http://2log.biz/?blog_id=1965
Reader Comments (8)
Thanks for the post - I never really thought about #5 in your list...it is called wikiPEDIA after all.
i will be adding some additional information during my evaluation assignments, and will be talking more about using Wikipedia correctly vs. banning it. Hopefully other teachers here will begin to understand that by using any web site correctly, we will be teaching out kids what to do and not focusing on what NOT to do.
I almost got physically sick when I heard a social studies teacher yell at his kids that "the internet and Wikipedia are the worst sources of information ever." All I could think of is...how many more years till that Luddite retires? Is there garbage up there? Yes of course there is...so yes we probably should just steer kids away from it rather than teaching them to be wise users/build internal BS monitors.
Hi Kenn,
I personally think the real power of Wikipedia lies in the ability follow an argument in the discussion section on controversial topics. Having the ability to determine the validity of any information source seems to be THE information literacy skill we all need.
Heaven help politicians, though, if everyone learns to do this!
Doug
Hi Nathan,
Maybe someone needs to slip your teacher the study by Nature magazine and others that compare Wikipedia with traditional information sources. (Anonymously, of course!)
Doug
Oh, for links to reliability studies check:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_of_Wikipedia
:-)
Doug
Thanks for a very informative and useful post! It was interesting to learn of the Nature study finding that Encyclopedia Brittanica and Wikipedia were comparatively accurate and the historian's perspectives when evaluating the accuracy of Wikipedia's historical entries. I completely agree that as an encyclopedia, Wikipedia is a good initial resource for students and teachers alike to obtain a basic overview or introduction on a topic. From there, we are to go to find additional sources, both primary sources and secondary sources from peer reviewed publications. However, the onus is on educators to teach their students to evaluate the credibility and accuracy of their sources and the importance of using other sources, as discussed above, to validate their work.
Hi Ana,
Thanks for the comment. I certainly agree that it's important teachers teach kids how to verify the accuracy of their information. And that is getting more difficult each day.
Doug
Interesting repost! I just taught lessons to 5th grade students and to a small group of 3rd grade gifted students on this very subject. The title of the lesson was: Wikipedia - The good and the bad. We discussed website evaluation in general using Wikipedia as our targeted site for evaluation, while filling out a two sided chart of what is good and what is bad with Wikipedia. I was inspired by a recent article in School LIbrary Monthly "How Elementary is Wikipedia" by Kristin Fontichiaro and Carl A Harvey II, November 2010. The students were totally engaged!
Hi Brenda,
Sounds like a wonderful activity. I hope you write it up and send it to a national publication for wide distribution!
Doug